Censorship in China

This page is a work in progress; I was originally collecting information for up doctorate thesis on the subject but since I have abandoned the project I decided to put my research results online.
China's Propaganda System
Censorship in China is part of the propaganda system; propaganda doesn't work effectively until alternative voices are silenced
The subject of propaganda is somewhat murky but there are some good books and research papers available online. The best book I have read to date so far is Anne-Marie Brady's Marketing Dictatorship which is available in snippet view from Google books and reasonably priced on Amazon. Brady has accessed documents produced by the central and provincial propaganda departments. She argues strongly that China's propaganda system has been invigorated rather than weakened by the influx of money and market forces in recent years. She argues that propaganda has effectively convinced Chinese people that dictatorship is the only option, but on this point her evidence is somewhat weak and I would argue for a more nuanced picture in which certain important sections of society remain antagonistic towards the party State. I also think that acquiescence is a better word than support, because after all citizens have no real choice and I think their views would change rather quickly if an alternative became available


Combatting Censorship in China

If you live in China, you will be subject to censorship, which may influence your opinions without you even being aware of it. All the newspapers which you come across and all the TV you see are carefully regimented by the State. You may go months without seeing an imported newspaper or watching the BBC or CNN. Youtube, Facebook, Twitter and lots of other sites are blocked. Worst of all, you may feel that it's impolite to voice your own opinions about dictatorship, and self-censorship your self until it becomes second nature, and you start to believe the things you say to be nice. Lot's of foreigners come back from living in China sounding even more pro-dictatorship than the Chinese. They will tell you without irony that China is too big for democracy to work there. Or they will tell you that democracy is just not suitable for some cultures... Scary.
Luckily, there are antidotes to this quandry. To start with, you can get across the Great Fire Wall of China without signing up for an expensive VPN, just download Freegate from dongtaiwang.com to a PC with a Chinese operating system. It is constantly updated and seems to crack all the latest GFW updates.
To get freegate, get a gmail account and then email freeget.two@gmail.com, or add dongtaiwang to your skype - not the China Skype version.
Note that if you try to download skype from skype.com in China, you will be redirected to tom.skyp.com, and the version of skype downloaded from there will have surveillance and censorship built in. Luckily lots of other sites also offer the skype download so go there instead.
Once you have installed freegate, sign up to the email list of chinadigitalnews.net, which gathers more good stories on China than just about any other site, and features the best of the non-censored media reports on China. It's a powerful antidote to CPC propaganda, and not surprisingly it is blocked in China, but you can read most of the stories on your email.
Encryption or using https instead of http is another way around the GFW which is gaining traction; Google now has an encrypted search page https://www.google.com. All you need to do is add an 's' in front of http and your searches will be encrypted. Your connection will not be cut when you do sensitive searches in China. You won't be able to open all the pages, but at least you'll know what's Google has even introduced image search too, but this works only partially, because the images are hosted on other people's non encrypted servers. An image with a name like "tiananmen-massacre.jpg" will get blocked. On the subject of images, they can be used to upload text which would other wise be auto-blocked in China. To do convert your words to images, press Print Screen on the keyboard, open Microsoft Paint or another file, edit->paste and save as jpeg.

Check greatfirewallofchina.org to see whether a website is blocked in China.by the great firewall.

Banned Books


There doesn't seem to be a good online directory of books banned by China, so I have started one, again a work in progress.
List of some of the top Propaganda-busting works in English:
The Private Life of Chairman Mao, Li Zhisui
The Party: the secretive world of China's rulers, Richard McGregor
Mao's Great Famine Frank Dikotter
Tombstone Yang Jisheng (only in Chinese so far)
The Long March Sun Shunyun
Will the Boat Sink the Water? Chen GUidi and Wu Chuntao
Prisoner of the State, Zhao Ziyang
Wild Grass, Ian Johnson
Poorly Made in China, Paul Midler
来生不做中国人
钟祖康 (only in Chinese so far)
Red China Blues Jan Wong

Of course, any discussion of propaganda/censorship in China should start with the 1989 June 4th massacre, which was when the hardliners took over and created the present day propaganda system. One of the biggest lies produced by the system was also the cover up of the massacre; the Party-State claimed that counter revolutionaries had attacked the Army. One of the best documents on the massacre is Hinton's video Tankman.
Prisoner of the State,
the English translation of Chinese Premier prison diary, is a unique document which describes the internal power struggle which preceded the crack down. It refutes the often heard propaganda argument that the demonstrators went to far or were used by the Western; if anything, they were used by reformers within the Party. Twenty years, a powerful interview with Ding Zilin tells us what happened to the families of the victims.

The History of Censorship in China.

The CPC is a Marxist Leninist party, modeled on the former Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Lenin's attitude to propaganda was that the ends justified the means, therefore mendacity was acceptable if the results benefited the Party and its goals.
That Chinese people seemed to be more culturally mendacious than westerners was widely noted by many foreign observers during the nineteenth century, and more recently by anthropologist Susan Blum's Lies that Bind. China never experienced a puritanical revolution as did Northern Europe after the reformation. Shrewdness and cunning were more respected and admired as qualities than honesty by many important Chinese leaders such as Mao Zedong, according to the literature on him, of which Li Zhisui's the Private Life of Chaiman Mao is unique insigh in English. Sunzi's Art of War encapsulates and encourages these strategies of deception. Chinese traditional historiography rewrites re-written history from the viewpoint of the victor, as ALisa Jones shows in her 2005 doctoral dissertation, "Changing the past to serve the present: history education in Mainland China" As the Han expanded relentlessly from their north China stronghold. The first Qin Emperor who murdered hundreds of scholars and burned books is an early example of tough censorship in China. (Mao admired him for this ) This may be why even now, many Chinese will tell you that China has never invaded another country.

Bibliography and further reading


The best study of propaganda in education in China is Alison Jones thesis Changing the past to serve the present.
He Qinlian The Fog of Censorship is a good essay on propaganda and censorship by a Chinese journalist
David Shambaugh has a chapter on propaganda in his Atrophy and Adaption
Jiao Guobiao's China's Information Pigsty is a well known short polemical attack on the system which got the author into trouble.
The best research centre on censorship is the China Media Project.
R. Mackinnon's CMP study Shows the different tools and strategies that Chinese blog hosting sites use to filter, block and censor political material.
The International Federation of Journalists publishes regular reports on media freedom in China.

Peter Kenez, Birth of the Propaganda State is a useful book on the Soviet propaganda system, because China's system was modelled to a large extent on the Soviet one
Most of these works can be found through google scholar or google books
see also:
videos relating to politics of China etc
pdfs- various papers, mostly on censorship and politics of China, various authors
Peter Kenez, Birth of the Propaganda State is A useful book on the Soviet propaganda system, on which China's system was modelled to a large extent
A Propaganda Department Organgram , from Brady's book
A screen shot of baidu.com, it says" Sorry, that article has been deleted, and cannot be viewed,try some related documents
compare-search-engines.php This frames the two search engines baidu and google to make it a little faster to see the results of searches for sensitive words; I recommend searching for Tiananmen massacre, Liu Xiaobo or other dissidents etc.
yoku-blocked video.JPG
A screen shot after a political video has been censored; "in accordance with the rules"
Review of Tombstone,
the definitive work on Mao's mass starvation
My bloggings on China
James Fallow explains how the Great Fire Wall works
stephen-t.com
stephen-t.com